maxsim/Adobe股票
美国国家科学基金会资助的研究与开发(R&D)项目能否让我们了解到,在不久的将来,应万博体育下载app急劳动力和服务采购从业者将面临什么样的挑战?我们认为是这样的——在一些背景设置之后,我们将在下面进一步讨论。
众包:背景设置
在临时员工空间中,人们对以不同方式寻找工作的新渠道的关注大多集中在在线自由职业者和临时工上,在这两种方式中,单个员工在网上参与执行活动或项目(例如写博客、开发网站)。然而,我们可能会称之为基于微任务的众包(microtask-based crowdsourcing)的关注较少。在这种情况下,一个问题或任务被呈现给一群人,这些人共同提供小的工作单元,然后将这些工作单元聚合、处理和组装成更全面的输出。
第一个基于微任务的众包平台是亚马逊的机械土耳其人它创造了术语HITs,或人类智能任务(一个奇怪的术语,因为执行微任务几乎不需要人类智能,这可能像标记照片一样简单)。
In microtask-based crowdsourcing models like this, the platform enables relatively rudimentary processes — distributing microtasks to a large crowd digitally connected to the platform, aggregating the completed microtasks and assembling them into a final output. There is value in this model, but it is limited.
The Knowledge Accelerator and Alloy
A最近发表在PHYS上的文章。或reported on new R&D funded by the National Science Foundation, conducted by Aniket Kittur, of the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), and Ji Eun Kim, of the Bosch Research and Technology Center. The project aimed to “design crowdsourcing frameworks that combine the best qualities of machine learning and human intelligence, in order to allow distributed groups of workers to perform complicated cognitive tasks.” Two prototype systems (Knowledge Accelerator and Alloy) were developed to “enable teams of volunteers, buttressed by machine learning algorithms, to crowdsource more complex intellectual tasks with greater speed and accuracy (and at a lower cost) than past systems.”
Both systems were used to complete a range of different projects that combined the activities of crowdworkers and “cognitive computing” capabilities like machine learning. While the workers were engaged through Mechanical Turk, they were asked to perform true “human intelligence tasks” that took more time and required more judgment and skill than typical microtasks (for example, receiving a question, doing brief research on Google and writing up an answer).
知识加速器(Knowledge Accelerator)和Alloy(Alloy)将人类智能和认知计算的交互作用结合在一起,以定义和组织任务、执行任务、对信息进行聚类和分类,并将所有信息合成为一个集合,但又是一个连贯的输出(即知识)。
Kittur在文章中说:“这里的关键挑战是,当每个人只能看到整体的一小部分时,试图构建一个大画面视图。”。“我们通过为员工提供新的方式来了解更多的背景,并将每个员工的观点与灵活的机器学习主干结合起来,来解决这个问题。”
其中一个项目是使用这些系统创作关于特定主题的文章。结果非常积极。通常,独立评论者对这些文章的评分高于平均水平,有时甚至高于专家作者。一个项目以“支持和反对全球变暖的关键论点是什么”这个问题开始由此产生的文章可以找到在这里.这是一篇令人印象深刻、经过研究的文章,涉及万博体育下载app一个复杂的主题,其写作成本低于当前的平均水平。现在,这就是我们可以投入的“知识工作”。
(顺便说一句,如果你想彻底疯掉,你可以找到关于这一主题的最新研究论文《知识加速器:小件思考的大局》,可下载为PDF,万博体育下载appright here.)
Crowd Workforce, Cognitive Computing and Services?
最近我们听到很多关于“工作的未来”的报道。从我们在这里看到的——以及我们所涵盖的各种工作中介平台(包括众包平台) — something is up.
Gartner预测,到2018年,超过75%的高绩效企业将在业务流程服务中使用某种类型的众包。有明显的证据表明,“创意众包”(利用群体获得品牌、创新、问题解决方案等方面的想法)已经在许多行业得到了广泛采用,如消费品包装(CPG)和零售业。
What we are seeing: How work can be consumed in different modalities and procured through new types of platform-based “suppliers” or intermediaries may be less far out in the future than we think.
如果你认为自己将主要面对第一波平台(主要是自由职业者市场),那么这种假设可能并不可靠。越来越多的在线工作中介平台不仅仅是匹配和工作流;数据分析、人工智能和机器学习以及其他算法正在被添加到平台堆栈中,并成为(人类)工作中介(和价值创造)过程的一部分。
We are also seeing platforms that go beyond the use of crowds and human activity and intelligence and provide valuable, artificial intelligence-based service outputs — for example, Narrative Science’s “NLG [natural language processing] platform, Quill, analyzes data from disparate sources, understands what is important to the end user and then automatically generates perfectly written narratives to convey meaning from the data for any audience, at unlimited scale.”
从商业用户的角度(希望从采购的角度来看),重要的是结果和结果。采购的任务仍然是启用和管理新的基于平台的工作/服务中介机构(“供应商”)——考虑到通常的目标(成本、风险、绩效)。但我们所说的“供应商”与我们10到20年来一直与之打交道的供应商截然不同。回到最初的问题:临时劳动力和服务采购从业人员——我们是否为未来的工作做好了准备?
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